Resolução de problemas como estratégia de ensino em citologia oncótica

Abstract

The current thesis had as its theme problem-solving as a methodological tool in teaching Oncotic Cytology for the qualification of Health professionals. In this study, the teaching-learning process was carried out through challenges, interesting problems that could be explored and not only solved by Biological Sciences and Biomedicine undergraduate students. The professionals known as cytologists are those who perform Oncotic Cytology analysis on smears, enabling the early tracking and prevention of cancer, whether gynecological, breast, or thyroid, for example. This knowledge is relevant due to the high employability of these graduates. However, it is noticeable that these professionals have been increasingly unprepared for the job market. This realization was the catalyst for a deeper study that questioned the role of problem-solving in the teaching of oncotic cytology in undergraduate health courses. As such, a qualitative research-intervention study was conducted with students from the 5th and 6th semesters, totaling 20 participants. Problem-solving was applied through the elaboration of seminars, clinical cases, and reports on oncotic cytology by the students, given that these activities represented a challenge for the research subjects. The results obtained from the problem-solving activities were analyzed using Textual Discourse Analysis based on the students' learning trajectory and elements present in the teaching process. Results indicated that the proposed activities provided students with the opportunity to acquire knowledge and develop skills. In this regard, problem-solving was presented as a promising teaching strategy for the learning of Oncotic Cytology because it gives the students a leading role in the process of developing their knowledge, leading to critical thinking and autonomy in decisionmaking when faced with problems situations. Additionally, problem-solving helps researchers solidify their understanding of oncotic cytology, since it allows them to relate the morphological aspects of cellular changes to the physiological state and clinical data of the patient, so it is a promising instructional strategy for teaching oncotic cytology and biological sciences in general.