Condições de saúde e vida de usuários da rede de atenção básica com úlcera venosas em membros inferiores

Abstract

The promotion of health narrows the relationship between professionals and users, allows individuals to participate in the care of their health, making them active and aware of their condition of life. Individuals who have venous ulcers have a socioeconomic impact due to their recurrence and chronicity. Objective: to identify the conditions of life and health of individuals with venous ulcer and satisfaction with the health service of Primary Care of a municipality in the interior of Minas Gerais. Materials and Methods: a descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out from September 2016 to January 2017. A semistructured instrument was developed considering the "Field of Health" model of Lalonde, which was used as an interview script in 65 individuals with venous ulcer. Results: predominantly female subjects (63.1%), with a mean age of 65.35 years, (89.1%) of risk factors for chronic venous insufficiency, married (47.7%), living with the family at home , with retirement as the main source of income, elementary education incomplete (60%). The mean in relation to the time of diagnosis and treatment of UV was 13.2 years, and the shortest period of time for diagnosis and treatment was one year and the highest was 62 years. Regarding the consequences of having UV, (98.5%) referred to emotional changes, social isolation, difficulty of ambulation associated with pain. Regarding food, 72.1% reported making up to four meals a day. They reported having received guidance from the health team about the importance of food in the healing process 90.8%, and 79.6% reported that the guidelines were performed by the physician. Participants were considered sedentary, since 95% reported not practicing physical activity due to lower limb pain. Regarding leisure activities, 50.8% of the interviewees reported that they did not perform any leisure activities due to the presence of UV, 64.6% said they did not have active sexual activity, 41.6% of the interviewees reported that the health service was poor and needs improvement Discussion: ndividuals with UV suffer from stigma, prejudice and rejection. They need more appropriate treatment and follow-up to reduce the complications due to UV. The lack of adequate material to perform dressings and unprepared professionals may be associated with long treatment time and scarring. Conclusions: This study identified the need to balance factors such as human biology, environment, lifestyle and organization of health services, which directly interfere in the healing of UVs. Treatment requires special modifications in the organization of health services with the active participation of individuals with UV as well as professionals involved in care.